Dynasty IT

The Dynasty IT is a Canadian electric car produced by Dynasty Electric Car Corporation. It is designed to qualify as a neighborhood electric vehicle, primarily made for urban, recreational and light commercial markets.^[1] It is available in five different variants including a sedan, mini pick-up, van and two open air versions. The North American version has a range of up to 30 miles (50 km) and does not exceed 25 mph (40 km/h). Most models have a curb w

North America[edit]

Use of the vehicle is currently legal as a low-speed vehicle (LSV) in 47 US states and the Canadian province of British Columbia. The Ontario Ministry of Transportation is currently running a pilot project to determine whether battery electric vehicles are safe to operate on public roads. Begun in 2005, the project will run for 5 years; although it allows two- and three-wheeled "e-bikes" to use public roads during the trial period, it permits four-wheeled LSV's like the Dynasty only in provincial and municipal parks and conservation areas^{[needs update]}.

A version of the car appears on the American Sci-Fi Channel TV series Eureka. For the show's purposes, it is covered with photovoltaic cells to appear to be a solar-powered car.

Europe[edit]

The UK versions of the car are to have a higher top speed, 35-40 mph (55–65 km/h).

Karakoram Motors[edit]

The Daily Times of Pakistan reports that the Canadian manufacturer of Neighborhood Electric Vehicles Dynasty Electric Car Corporation has been sold to Pakistani automaker Karakoram Motors

The Vancouver Sun, BC also confirmed that the company was bought by a Pakistani group, due to lack of support from the provincial government.The website of Karakoram Motors says

"is also planning to introduce the first electric passenger cars in Pakistan; we have already acquired the sole-production rights of a Canadian firm DYNASTY and will very soon start manufacturing these vehicles here"

Gallery[edit]

• 

  Four passenger sedan
 
• 

  Two passenger utility
 
• 

  Load area has rear and right side doors

Overview
Manufacturer	Dynasty Electric Vehicles Ltd.
Production	2001 - present
Body and chassis
Class	Battery Electric microcar
Body style	5 door multi-purpose
Powertrain
Engine	Battery
Transmission	Front wheel drive
Dimensions
Length	140 in (3566mm)
Width	60 in (1524mm)
Height	63 in (1600mm)
Curb weight	1450 lbs (653kg

Nissan Altra

Nissan Altra[

The R'nessa was also equipped with a neodymium magnet 62 kW electric motor and run onlithium ion batteries manufactured by Sony and used for testing in California, and had a range of 230 km (140 mi) between a charging interval of 5 hours, and a charge-discharge cycle over 1,000 times. The batteries were installed beneath the floor.

The Nissan Altra was an electric car produced by Nissan Motors between 1998 and 2002. The Nissan Altra was introduced at the Los Angeles International Auto Show on 29 December 1997.^[1] Nissan described the Altra as a combination of a sedan, SUV, and minivan.^[2] It was mainly used as a fleet vehicle for companies such as electric utilities.^[2][3] Only about 200 vehicles were ever produced.^[3] It used the bodystyle of the Nissan R'nessa.

Technologically, the Altra was significant as being the first production electric vehicle to use alithium-ion battery (li-ion) battery. Nissan called this a third-generation battery (after lead–acidand nickel–metal hydride) and chose li-ion primarily for its power density.^[2] It was managed by a passive system, ensuring the batteries never reach charge levels outside their recommended zones.^{[citation needed]} The Altra had a permanent magnet synchronous motor, controlled by a 32-bit RISC computer. It had other more typical features, such as keyless entry, power mirrors andwindows, a 4-wheel anti-lock braking system, and regenerative braking.^[1] According to Nissan, the Altra had a maximum range of 120 miles (190 km). The Environmental Protection Agencyreported that the 2000 version had an adjusted mileage (miles per equivalent of a gasoline gallon) of 117 mpg_-US (2.01 L/100 km; 141 mpg_-imp) the city, and 130 mpg_-US (1.8 L/100 km; 160 mpg_-imp) on the highway.

Tesla model X

The Tesla Model X is a full-size crossover SUV made by Tesla Motors. The prototype was unveiled at Tesla’s design studios in Los Angeles on February 9, 2012.^[4] The Model X was developed from the full-size sedan platform of the Tesla Model S; both are being produced at theTesla Factory in Fremont, California. First deliveries of the Model X began in September 2015

Design

A series production vehicle was unveiled on September 29, 2015. It has a panoramic windshield. According to Tesla founder Elon Musk, it is the safest SUV in terms of frontal and side impact crash, being more than twice as safe as the next closest SUV in rollover tests as well. Standard radar-based AEB and ultrasonic-based side collision avoidance system to steer occupants away from a side collision. Tesla developed an ultrasonic sensor that can see through metal to keep falcon doors from hitting nearby objects when opening or closing. Musk claims the car features the first true HEPA filter in a car, with medical grade cabin air cleanliness comparable to that of a hospital operating room. When the car operates at maximum capability (enabled with a "Bioweapon Defense Mode" button), Tesla claims that no viruses, bacteria or spores can be detected in the cabin.^[14]

The Model X features double hinged falcon doors, which open upwards allowing the leading edge of the door to remain tucked close to the body, unlike traditional gullwing doors. Tesla claims the falcon-wing doors make access easier. The Model X offers room for seven adults and their luggage in three rows of seating and front and rear trunks

The Model X will weigh about 8% more than the Model S and share about 30% of its parts content – down from around 60% expected when development began.

The Model X has a choice of two lithium-ion battery packs, rated at either 70 or 90 kW·h – the same choices available on the Model S^[4] – and the highest performance version of the model P90D goes from0 to 60 mph (0 to 97 km/h) in 3.2 seconds, outperforming the fastest SUVs and many sports cars as well.^[16][17] The Model X's all-wheel drive system uses two motors (one for the front and the other for the rear wheels), unlike conventional AWD systems that have a single source of power.^[16] The Tesla Model X features an official EPA rated 250–257 mi (402–414 km) (P90D and standard 90D) range,^[3] which according to valuewalk.com translates to approximately 310 mi (500 km) range on the European NEDC testing cycle.^[18]

The company planned to offer rear-wheel drive models, but instead all models incorporate all wheel drive. The standard AWD has 259 horsepower (193 kilowatts) on both the front and rear motors, while the performance edition has 259 hp (193 kW) front and 503 hp (375 kW) rear.^[19][20] With an optionaltowbar, the Model X has a towing capacity of up to 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg)

Honda Fit

The Honda Fit, also marketed as the Honda Jazz, is a four-door, front-engine, front-wheel drive subcompact car manufactured and marketed by Honda since 2001 and now in its third generation. Marketed worldwide and manufactured at ten plants in eight countries,^[1] sales have reached almost 5 million by mid 2013.^[2]

Sharing Honda's global small car platform with the City, Airwave, Mobilio, Mobilio Spike, Freedand Freed Spike, the Fit is noted for its one-box or monospace with an interior packaging concept enabling a reconfigurable cargo volume competing with larger vehicles.^[3][4][5]

Honda released hybrid gasoline-electric versions of the Fit in Japan in October 2010 and in Europe in early 2011.^[6][7] The Honda Fit EV, a limited production all-electric version, was released in the United States in July 2012 and in Japan the following month.^[8][9]

The nameplate "Jazz" is used in Europe, Oceania, the Middle East, Africa, Australia and most parts of Asia, while the name "Fit" is used in Japan, China and the Americas

Models

The Fit is sold in 6 variations whilst its City/Fit Aria sedan sibling is sold in 4 variations. All Fit/Jazz models throughout the world utilize these distinct codes. They are found in the vehicle’s identification number (VIN):

Fit/Jazz

• GD1: 1.3 L L13A i-DSI Inline-four engine 2WD (Europe: 1.4L)
• GD2: 1.3 L L13A i-DSI Inline-four engine 4WD (Japan only)
• GD3: 1.5 L L15A VTEC Inline-four engine 2WD
• GD4: 1.5 L L15A VTEC Inline-four engine 4WD (Japan only)
• GD5: 1.2 L L12A Inline-four engine (Europe)
• GE3: 1.3 L L13A i-DSI Inline-four engine 2WD (2007 Europe 1.4L model. Made in China

Ford Focus Electric

The Ford Focus Electric is a 5-door hatchback electric car produced by Ford. The Focus Electric is Ford's first full production, all-electric passenger vehicle, and production began in December 2011.^[2][3] Deliveries for fleet customers in the United States began in December 2011, and it was released to retail customers in May 2012 only in California, New York and New Jersey, in limited numbers, followed by the other 16 initial markets in the third quarter of 2012.^[4][5][6][7] The European release was initially slated for late 2012, but was re-scheduled to start deliveries in August 2013.^[8][9]

The Focus Electric shares the glider of a third generation Ford Focus. Its electric powertrain uses a 23 kWh, liquid-cooled lithium-ion battery pack,^[10] which delivers a range of 76 mi (122 km) according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The agency rated the Focus Electric combined fuel economy at 105 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent(2.2 L/100 km),^[11] and ranks the Focus Electric as the most fuel-efficient car sold in the United States in the compact class.^[12] The Focus Electric was awarded the 2011 Green Car Vision Award at the 2011 Washington Auto Show

Powertrain and battery

The Focus Electric shares Ford’s global C-car platform and is based on the glider of the third generation Ford Focus. The electric car is powered by an electric motor rated at 100 kilowatts (130 hp) and uses a 23 kWh capacity lithium-ion batterypack, which together deliver 92 kW (125 PS; 123 bhp) and 181 lb·ft (245 N·m) of torque.^[17] Ford indicated that a battery of an all electric vehicle similar to that of the Focus Electric weighs around 600 to 700 pounds and costs about US$12,000 to US$15,000, or between US$522 and US$650 a kilowatt-hour.^[18] The Focus Electric has a top speed of 84 mph (135 km/h).^[10][19][20]

Based on its five-cycle testing, the United States Environmental Protection Agency rated the Focus Electric combined fuel economy equivalentat 105 MPGe (2.2 L/100 km), with an equivalent 110 MPGe (2.1 L/100 km) in city driving and 99 MPGe (2.4 L/100 km) on highways. The Focus Electric's EPA certified all-electric range is 76 mi (122 km

Nissan Leaf

The Nissan Leaf (also formatted "LEAF" as a backronym for leading environmentally-friendlyaffordable family car)^[11] is a compact five-door hatchback electric car manufactured by Nissanand introduced in Japan and the United States in December 2010, followed by various European countries and Canada in 2011. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) official range for the 2016 model year Leaf with the 30 kWh battery is 172 km (107 miles) on a full battery charge, while the trim with the smaller 24 kWh battery is 135 km (84 miles), the same as the 2014/15 model year.

As of December 2015, the Nissan Leaf is the world's all-time best selling highway-capable all-electric car. Leaf global sales passed the 200,000 unit milestone by early December 2015, five years after its introduction. As of December 2015, the top markets for Leaf sales are the United States with over 89,000 units, followed by Japan with about 57,000 units, and Europe with over 49,000 Leafs. The European market is led by Norway with over 15,000 new units, and the U.K. with over 12,000 units registered.

Design

The Leaf's frontal style is characterized by a sharp V-shape design with large, up slanting light-emitting diode (LED) headlights that create a distinctive blue internal reflective design. The headlights also split and redirect airflow away from the door mirrors, which reduces wind noise and aerodynamic drag. The LED low-beam headlights consume less electricity than the halogen lamps.^[24] Nissan sought to make the Leaf appealing to mainstream drivers by giving it a familiar sedan- and hatchback-like design.^[25] The bottom of the car has aerodynamic paneling to reduce drag and improve aerodynamics as much as possible.^[26] According to Nissan, the 2011 Leaf has a drag coefficient of Cd=0.29, which was reduced to Cd=0.28 for the 2013 model year Leaf

Costs

Each battery pack cost Nissan an estimated US$18,000 at the car's launch in May 2010.^[46] By 2015, the battery costs were aroundUS$300/kWh, giving a battery cost of around US$5,500^[47] for batteries not within the eight year warranty period. Nissan reported that in Europe only 3 of 35,000 leaf batteries had failed

Renault Kangoo

The Renault Kangoo and the Kangoo Express are a range of leisure activity vehicles andlight commercial vehicles respectively, produced by the French manufacturer Renault since 1997. The Kangoo is manufactured at the MCA plant in Maubeuge, France, and in Santa Isabel, Argentina and Casablanca, Morocco. The version for the ASEAN markets was assembled by the Malaysian Tan Chong Euro Cars (TCEC) in its Segambut plant.^[1][2] The first generation model was also sold by Nissan in Latin America and Europe as the Nissan Kubistar until late 2009, when it was replaced by the Nissan NV200.The first generation Kangoo was introduced in 1997. It was facelifted in 2003, resulting in a Phase II model. The Phase II vehicles are distinguished by their new nose styling, standardised across the Renault range, with the Renault diamond mounted on a body colour panel in the centre of the grille and teardrop headlamps.

The rear windows and seats of the Kangoo could be removed, producing the panel van Kangoo Express. The Kangoo became popular with the mobility-impaired and wheelchair users due to its height and accessibility and because it could be adapted to include mounting points for wheelchairs.

Both the Kangoo and Kangoo Express were available infour-wheel drive versions and a lengthened version was also available, with an increased cargo area. A pickup truck version was sold in the Swedish market. In some countries, such as Malaysia, the Kangoo was assembled by Nissan with a third row of 3 seats.

A badge-engineered version of the Kangoo panel vanwas sold as the Nissan Kubistar,^[7] sold by Nissan from 1997 to 200

Engines[edit]

Nissan Kubistar

The Kangoo and Kangoo Express was/is available with a choice of multiple engines:

• 1.0 L D-series petrol, 44 kW (59 hp) (8v) / 51 kW (68 hp) (16v)
• 1.2 L D-series petrol, 45 kW (60 hp) (8v) / 56 kW (75 hp) (16v)
• 1.4 L 8v Energy petrol, 56 kW (75 hp)
• 1.6 L 16v K-series petrol, 71 kW (95 hp)
• 1.5 L dCi turbodiesel, 43 kW (57 hp)/48 kW (65 hp)/

51 kW (68 hp)/52 kW (70 hp)/ 61 kW (82 hp)/63 kW (85 hp)/ 66 kW (88 hp)

• 1.9 L F-series D diesel, 41 kW (55 hp)/48 kW (65 hp) (normally aspirated, indirect injection)
• 1.9 L F-series dTi turbodiesel, 60 kW (80 hp) (direct injection)
• 1.9 L F-series dCi turbodiesel, 60 kW (80 hp)/63 kW (85 hp)
• Electric Electri'cité (limited edition)
• Plug-in Hybrid Elect'road (limited edition)

Some LPG and CNG variants of petrol engines have also been produced.

AFS Trinity

AFS Trinity Power Corporation is an American corporation headquartered in Medina, WA with an engineering center in Livermore, CA that develops technology for plug-in hybrids. The company has developed PHEV technology that actively combines batteries with ultracapacitors. The company asserts that the combination of high-power ultracapacitors, which prefer to discharge and recharge quickly, and high-energy lithium-ion batteries, which prefer to discharge and recharge slowly, makes for a system with both long-life and high energy-density storage

AFS Trinity claims that this "Extreme Hybrid" technology makes it possible for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to achieve the equivalent of 150 miles per US gallon (1.6 L/100 km; 180 mpg_-imp), travel 40 miles (64 km) per charge in all-electric mode and use gasoline for additional range (limited by gasoline tank size) in hybrid mode.^[1] The company also reports that its prototype "XH-150S" modifiedSaturn Vue SUVs demonstrated 11.6 second 0-60 performance in electric-only mode and 6.9 second 0-60 performance in full hybrid mode, which would be comparable to a Porsche Cayenne.^[2]

AFS Trinity's Extreme Hybrid prototypes have been test-driven by journalists from The New York Times,^[3] The Washington Post,^[4] ABC World News,^[5] CBS Evening News,^[6] CNN,^[7] and Salon

The powertrain using two forms of energy storage is disclosed in US patent application 11/519,350.^[14]

The application describes a family of architectures where a battery is used in conjunction with a second energy storage device which may be an ultracapacitor, a flywheel, or a second battery. The purpose of the second energy storage device is to protect the battery from high current during high power operation.